The human cost

These are reported figures from named sources: governments, United Nations agencies, the U.S. Department of Defense, independent monitors and news organisations compiling official announcements. Each source counts differently, covers a different period and publishes on its own date. Each row gives the figure as the source published it, what it counts, the date it describes, a link to the source and a note on its method.

The figures are not additive. Rows overlap, use different definitions and stop on different dates, so they should not be added together within a section or across sections. Where sources disagree, each is shown separately. Where no reliable figure has been published, the row says “No reliable published figure” instead of showing an estimate.

Each figure was copied by hand from the linked source. Last checked 19 Oct 2026.

Iran

Deaths and injuries in Iran from U.S. and Israeli strikes.

Figure	What it counts	Date	Source	Method
3,375killed	Deaths in Iran reported by national authorities since Feb 28All deaths in Iran from attacks since Feb 28 that Iranian authorities have reported and WHO has added to its cumulative figure, which stops at the end of June. No civilian/military split is given.	Dateas of 14 Sept 2026	SourceIranian national authorities, as reported by the World Health Organization. Middle East Escalation of Conflict, Global Situation Report #11 (data as of 14 September)published 15 Sept 2026	MethodWHO: "Since the beginning of the hostilities on 28 February, national authorities reported 3375 deaths and 33 806 injuries." WHO also states that "cumulative figures for deaths and injuries after the end of June have yet to be reported", so this total does not include the strikes from July onward. OCHA's Humanitarian Update No. 09 (published Oct 19) repeats this WHO figure as "3.4K+ civilians killed".
33,806injured	Injuries in Iran reported by national authorities since Feb 28All injuries in Iran from attacks since Feb 28 that Iranian authorities have reported and WHO has added to its cumulative figure, which stops at the end of June.	Dateas of 14 Sept 2026	SourceIranian national authorities, as reported by the World Health Organization. Middle East Escalation of Conflict, Global Situation Report #11 (data as of 14 September)published 15 Sept 2026	MethodSame WHO sentence as the deaths row. Does not include injuries after the end of June, which WHO says have not been added to a cumulative figure.
60killed	Deaths in Iran reported for 27 June to 24 JulyDeaths in Iran reported as occurring between 27 June and 24 July, including six women and three children.	Date27 Jun – 24 Jul 2026	SourceIranian authorities, as reported by the World Health Organization. Middle East Escalation of Conflict, Global Situation Report #11 (data as of 14 September)published 15 Sept 2026	MethodWHO: "An additional 60 deaths and more than 670 injuries have been reported as occurring between 27 June – 24 July." Reported separately from the cumulative total. We do not add it to that total.
more than 670injured	Injuries in Iran reported for 27 June to 24 JulyInjuries in Iran reported as occurring between 27 June and 24 July, including 35 women and 19 children.	Date27 Jun – 24 Jul 2026	SourceIranian authorities, as reported by the World Health Organization. Middle East Escalation of Conflict, Global Situation Report #11 (data as of 14 September)published 15 Sept 2026	MethodSame WHO sentence as the row above. Reported separately; not added to the cumulative total.
18killed	Deaths in Iran reported for 30 August to 2 SeptemberDeaths from strikes on southern provinces between 30 August and 2 September, including two women and one child.	Date30 Aug – 2 Sept 2026	SourceIranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, as reported by UN OCHA. Islamic Republic of Iran: Humanitarian Update No. 09, as of 30 September 2026published 19 Oct 2026	MethodOCHA: "The Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) reported that 18 people were killed (including two women and one child) and 142 injured (including 61 women and 44 children), between 30 August and 2 September." Reported separately; not added to any total.
142injured	Injuries in Iran reported for 30 August to 2 SeptemberInjuries from strikes on southern provinces between 30 August and 2 September, including 61 women and 44 children.	Date30 Aug – 2 Sept 2026	SourceIranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, as reported by UN OCHA. Islamic Republic of Iran: Humanitarian Update No. 09, as of 30 September 2026published 19 Oct 2026	MethodSame OCHA sentence as the row above. Reported separately; not added to any total.
No reliable published figurekilled	Total deaths in Iran including July onwardA running total of deaths in Iran that includes the fighting from July onward.	Datechecked 19 Oct 2026	SourceIranian authorities; World Health Organization. Middle East Escalation of Conflict, Global Situation Report #11 (data as of 14 September)published 15 Sept 2026	MethodWHO: "Cumulative figures for deaths and injuries after the end of June have yet to be reported." Iranian authorities have published figures for individual rounds of strikes only. We do not add those rounds to the earlier total.
3,636killed	Deaths in Iran documented by HRANA, Feb 28 to Apr 7Deaths inside Iran's borders from U.S. and Israeli attacks: 1,701 civilians (including at least 254 children), 1,221 military personnel and 714 unclassified.	Date28 Feb – 7 Apr 2026	SourceHuman Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), an independent monitor based outside Iran. Day 39 of U.S. and Israeli Attacks on Iran: Extensive Damage to the Rail Network and Roadspublished 7 Apr 2026	MethodIncident-by-incident count from field reports, local contacts, medical sources and open sources, using the minimum value where a figure is given as "more than". HRANA says military deaths are "believed" to be "significantly higher" than it can document. HRANA stopped daily reports after the April ceasefire, so this is its last cumulative total.
at least 3,468killed	Deaths in Iran attributed to Iran's Ministry of Health by Al Jazeera's trackerPeople killed in Iran since Feb 28. The tracker gives no civilian/military split.	Date28 Feb – 10 Jun 2026	SourceIranian Ministry of Health, as reported by Al Jazeera. US-Israel attacks on Iran: Death toll and injuries live trackerpublished 10 Jun 2026	MethodThe tracker (last updated Jun 10) says "At least 3,468 people have been killed" and attributes the figure to Iran's Ministry of Health. It differs from the 3,375 that WHO attributes to Iranian national authorities. The two are shown separately and not reconciled.

U.S. service members

Deaths and wounded in action recorded by the Department of Defense, by reporting category.

Figure	What it counts	Date	Source	Method
15killed	U.S. military deaths, Operation Epic FuryService member deaths recorded under Operation Epic Fury: 7 hostile (6 killed in action, 1 died of wounds) and 8 non-hostile (6 accident, 1 illness or injury, 1 undetermined).	Date28 Feb – 15 Oct 2026	SourceU.S. Department of Defense, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS). U.S. Military Casualties - Operation Epic Fury (OEFU) Casualty Summary by Casualty Category	MethodDCAS records casualties by operation. Deaths from July 7 onward are recorded under a separate category, "Overseas Operations" (next rows). DoD added a separate Pending Adjudication page on Oct 13; this row does not include it. Excludes civilian contractors.
417wounded in action	U.S. service members wounded in action, Operation Epic FuryService members recorded as wounded in action (hostile) under Operation Epic Fury.	Date28 Feb – 15 Oct 2026	SourceU.S. Department of Defense, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS). U.S. Military Casualties - Operation Epic Fury (OEFU) Casualty Summary by Casualty Category	MethodDCAS wounded-in-action category only; non-hostile injuries are not counted here. Traumatic brain injuries can be diagnosed and logged weeks after the event, and DCAS totals have been revised up several times.
6killed	U.S. military deaths, Overseas Operations (from July 7)Service member deaths recorded under "Overseas Operations", the DCAS category for casualties starting July 7: 4 killed in action and 2 non-hostile deaths with category pending.	Date7 Jul – 15 Oct 2026	SourceU.S. Department of Defense, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS). U.S. Military Casualties - Overseas Operations (OO) Casualty Summary by Casualty Category	MethodA separate DCAS category from Operation Epic Fury. DoD added a separate Pending Adjudication page on Oct 13; this row does not include it. Excludes civilian contractors.
448wounded in action	U.S. service members wounded in action, Overseas Operations (from July 7)Service members recorded as wounded in action under "Overseas Operations" (casualties starting July 7).	Date7 Jul – 15 Oct 2026	SourceU.S. Department of Defense, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS). U.S. Military Casualties - Overseas Operations (OO) Casualty Summary by Casualty Category	MethodDCAS wounded-in-action category only. Same reporting lags as the Operation Epic Fury row.

Israel

Deaths and injuries in Israel.

Figure	What it counts	Date	Source	Method
22killed	People killed in Israel by Iranian ballistic missile attacksIsraeli civilians and foreign nationals killed in Israel by Iranian ballistic missile attacks. Four Palestinians killed in the West Bank by an Iranian missile are counted separately by the same report. Excludes deaths from Hezbollah fire and soldiers killed in Lebanon.	Date28 Feb – 15 Jul 2026	SourceThe Times of Israel. 82-year-old man dies of wounds sustained in Iranian missile attack on Haifa in Aprilpublished 15 Jul 2026	Method"Including Katz, 22 Israeli civilians and foreign nationals were killed by Iranian ballistic missile attacks during Operation Roaring Lion, launched by Israel and the US on February 28, along with four Palestinians in the West Bank." A newspaper tally of deaths announced by Israeli authorities and rescue services.
26killed	Deaths in Israel reported by national authoritiesDeaths in Israel in WHO's key-figures table. WHO does not say whether this covers Iranian fire only.	Dateas of 14 Sept 2026	SourceIsraeli national authorities, as reported by the World Health Organization. Middle East Escalation of Conflict, Global Situation Report #11 (data as of 14 September)published 15 Sept 2026	MethodFrom the overview table of WHO's situation report ("All numbers are estimates and may differ from other sources due to data cutoff times"). Shown beside, not reconciled with, The Times of Israel's tally.
9,067injured	Injuries in Israel reported by national authoritiesInjuries in Israel in WHO's key-figures table. WHO does not say whether this covers Iranian fire only.	Dateas of 14 Sept 2026	SourceIsraeli national authorities, as reported by the World Health Organization. Middle East Escalation of Conflict, Global Situation Report #11 (data as of 14 September)published 15 Sept 2026	MethodFrom WHO's overview table. Israel's Health Ministry counts people evacuated to hospital, which includes light injuries, injuries on the way to shelters and treatment for anxiety, and has combined Iranian and Hezbollah attacks in the same count.

Lebanon

Deaths and injuries from Israeli attacks on Lebanon since the front opened on March 2.

Figure	What it counts	Date	Source	Method
4,386killed	People killed in Lebanon by Israeli attacks since Mar 2All deaths from Israeli attacks on Lebanon from 2 March to 10 October. No civilian/combatant split.	Date2 Mar – 10 Oct 2026	SourceLebanese Ministry of Public Health, Health Emergency Operations Center. Update Toll of the Aggression - 10/10/2026published 10 Oct 2026	MethodThe ministry's cumulative count, published as a statement. It counts the Israel–Hezbollah front that opened on Mar 2, two days into this war. MTV Lebanon reported 4,389 deaths from the ministry on Oct 12; the ministry's own page is the record here.
12,424injured	People injured in Lebanon by Israeli attacks since Mar 2All injuries from Israeli attacks on Lebanon from 2 March to 10 October.	Date2 Mar – 10 Oct 2026	SourceLebanese Ministry of Public Health, Health Emergency Operations Center. Update Toll of the Aggression - 10/10/2026published 10 Oct 2026	MethodSame ministry statement as the deaths row.

Iraq

Deaths and injuries in Iraq.

Figure	What it counts	Date	Source	Method
109killed	Deaths in Iraq in WHO's key figuresDeaths in Iraq listed in WHO's table of key affected countries. WHO does not break them down by attacker or status.	Dateas of 14 Sept 2026	SourceWorld Health Organization. Middle East Escalation of Conflict, Global Situation Report #11 (data as of 14 September)published 15 Sept 2026	MethodFrom WHO's overview table, which notes that all numbers are estimates and may differ from other sources. The report names no Iraqi source for this figure.
300injured	Injuries in Iraq in WHO's key figuresInjuries in Iraq listed in WHO's table of key affected countries.	Dateas of 14 Sept 2026	SourceWorld Health Organization. Middle East Escalation of Conflict, Global Situation Report #11 (data as of 14 September)published 15 Sept 2026	MethodSame WHO table as the deaths row.

Gulf states

Deaths in Kuwait, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman and Qatar.

Figure	What it counts	Date	Source	Method
41killed	Deaths in Gulf states reported by their authorities and CENTCOM, to Apr 9People killed in Kuwait, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman and Qatar since the Iranian attacks began, 22 of them civilians. Includes seven U.S. service members (also in the DCAS rows) and deaths in two helicopter crashes (UAE, Qatar), one of which the UAE blamed on a technical malfunction.	Date28 Feb – 9 Apr 2026	SourceGulf state authorities and U.S. Central Command, compiled by AFP. War in the Middle East: casualty figures from across the region (AFP, Dubai, April 9)published 9 Apr 2026	MethodAFP tally of figures released by each government, military and health authority; AFP says it has not been able to verify all of them independently. It is the last consolidated regional count we found.
No reliable published figurekilled	Deaths in Gulf states after April 9A current, consolidated count of deaths in Gulf states that includes the strikes from June onward.	Datechecked 19 Oct 2026	SourceGulf state authorities. War in the Middle East: casualty figures from across the region (AFP, Dubai, April 9)published 9 Apr 2026	MethodLater strikes on Bahrain, Kuwait, the UAE and others were reported incident by incident. We found no official or agency tally that brings them together, and we do not add incident reports ourselves.

Seafarers

Crew on merchant ships attacked in and around the Strait of Hormuz.

Figure	What it counts	Date	Source	Method
24killed	Seafarers killed in confirmed attacks on ships in the Strait of Hormuz and the Middle EastConfirmed seafarer fatalities across 114 confirmed incidents in the Strait of Hormuz and the Middle East as at 19 October. Seafarers listed as missing are not included.	Date28 Feb – 19 Oct 2026	SourceInternational Maritime Organization (IMO). Middle East - Highlighted (Confirmed) incidents	MethodIMO's register of incidents it has confirmed. Several incidents list seafarers as missing (for example two each on El Gaia, Sep 12, and Petro Dolphin, Oct 11). IMO's Sep 16 statement reported Red Sea deaths separately from the Hormuz count.
No reliable published figureinjured	Seafarers injured in attacks on shipsA total of seafarers injured in attacks on ships since Feb 28.	Datechecked 19 Oct 2026	SourceInternational Maritime Organization (IMO). Middle East - Highlighted (Confirmed) incidents	MethodIMO lists injuries incident by incident and says attacks have caused "injuries to many others", but publishes no total. We do not add the incident entries ourselves.

Displacement

People forced from their homes, and border crossings.

Figure	What it counts	Date	Source	Method
329,686internally displaced	New internally displaced people in LebanonPeople newly internally displaced in Lebanon since the start of the crisis who remain displaced.	Date28 Feb – 30 Sept 2026	SourceGovernment of Lebanon, as reported by UNHCR. Middle East Situation, UNHCR Operational Data Portal	MethodThe government figure on UNHCR's data portal (data date 30 Sep). UNHCR's Sep 9 update says more than 823,000 people had returned to their communities by Aug 31; returns are not subtracted or added here.
325,400refugees	Lebanese refugees in SyriaLebanese nationals who have crossed into Syria since Feb 28.	Date28 Feb – 30 Sept 2026	SourceGovernment of Syria, as reported by UNHCR. Middle East Situation, UNHCR Operational Data Portal	MethodBorder-crossing data from the Government of Syria. Syrians who crossed back from Lebanon (more than a million) are counted by UNHCR as returnees, not here.
633,500border crossings out of Iran	Iranian nationals crossing into neighbouring countriesCrossings by Iranian nationals into neighbouring countries since Feb 28. This is not a count of refugees.	Date28 Feb – 28 Sept 2026	SourceGovernments of neighbouring countries and UNHCR. Middle East Situation, UNHCR Operational Data Portal	MethodUNHCR says these movements include routine travel, family visits and precautionary or temporary trips, and that the data cannot separate people who stayed from people who went back. Over the same period UNHCR records 534,800 crossings back into Iran. The two are not netted.
No reliable published figureinternally displaced	People internally displaced in IranA current count of people displaced inside Iran.	Datechecked 19 Oct 2026	SourceUNHCR. Middle East Situation, UNHCR Operational Data Portal	MethodUNHCR: "In Iran, as of 7 July, with public order remaining largely stable, all temporarily relocated people have since returned." No count of displacement from the July and September strikes has been published. Earlier figures described temporary relocation during March and April, not current displacement.

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